¡Pilas con la Tuberculosis!

octubre 1, 2014 Sxxi.net Salud 152

¡Pilas con la Tuberculosis!

 

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Está es una enfermedad producida por una bacteria llamada Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, la cual se transmite de persona a persona al toser, estornudar o hablar arrojando pequeñas gotas de saliva al aire, las que quedan suspendidas en el ambiente y pueden ser respiradas por otras personas. Según la Organización Mundial de la Salud cada año en el mundo se reportan cerca de 8,4 millones de casos de Tuberculosis y una de cada tres personas en el mundo puede tener la infección latente.
 
En Bogotá, en el año 2013 se reportaron 1.222 casos para una incidencia de 14,2 casos por 100 mil habitantes; 6,2% más frente a los reportados en el 2012, cuando se notificaron 1.150 casos y una incidencia de 12,9. Del total de registros, el 63% corresponde a Tuberculosis Pulmonar, que tiene mayor riesgo de transmisión, y un 37% de casos son formas extra pulmonares (Tuberculosis Meníngea, renal, intestinal, ósea, entre otras). A enero de 2014, se reportaron 79 casos.
 
La enfermedad se presenta en cualquier edad y estrato social, sin embargo es más común en adultos entre 25 y 45 años, esto es el 43% de los casos, y en adultos mayores de 60 años y más, con el 28% de prevalencia. Los casos de Tuberculosis en Bogotá han aumentado en razón a la búsqueda intensiva de casos, a la vigilancia epidemiológica y al incremento de casos de tuberculosis asociada al VIH/SIDA.
 

En lo corrido de este año en Bogotá se han reportado cerca de 79 casos.

 
La aparición de casos de tuberculosis se asocia al aumento de enfermedades crónicas y debilitantes del sistema inmune como el Cáncer, la Diabetes, pacientes que reciben cortico esteroides y a enfermedades crónicas como la Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica EPOC, que generan que una infección latente se convierta en Tuberculosis activa.
 
Frente a la mortalidad, en Bogotá se ha observado un aumento de fallecimientos en los últimos años; en el año 2013 la tasa de mortalidad fue de 1,03 casos por cada 100 mil habitantes, aproximadamente el 50% de los fallecidos tenía la coinfección TB/VIH.
 
En el año 2012 la tasa de mortalidad fue de 1,3 casos por 100 mil habitantes, mayor que en el 2013; esto se asocia a diagnósticos tardíos de la enfermedad y a la falta de conocimiento de los síntomas por parte de la población.
 

MEDIDAS DE PREVENCIÓN

 
Toda persona que presente tos y flemas por más de 15 días, acompañada o no de otros síntomas debe acudir al médico para la toma de la baciloscopia.

 
El diagnóstico y tratamiento es gratuito para la población tanto del régimen contributivo y subsidiado, así como para la población pobre no asegurada.
 
Si tiene Tuberculosis existe tratamiento de una duración entre 6 y 9 meses que cura la enfermedad.

 
No tomar la medicación puede ocasionar la muerte y abandonarla puede generar transmisión de cepas resistentes a los medicamentos.

 
Los pacientes con TB necesitan de una atención integral en la cual se debe brindar apoyo familiar, nutricional y soporte social.

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